Wasps and Their Ways: Chapter 22

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APPENDIX

1. “Vespa the wasp is an angrie creature.” “Speculum Mundi,” 1643. -- John Swan.

2. The Ettrick Shepherd. “Noctes Ambrosianae.” -- Christopher North.

3. Pastor Muller. “Once a Week,” July 9, 1870. “Natural History of Wasps.”

4. Pastor Muller. “Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der grossen Hornissen.” “Magazin der Entomologie.” -- Germar. Halle, 1817. Band iii.

5. “Wasps quickly distinguish colors.” “ Some Observations on the Special Senses of Wasps.” “Proceed. of the Nat. Hist. Soc. of Wisconsin,” April, 1887. -- George W. and Elizabeth G. Peckham.

6. Wasps make honey. “Introduction to Entomology.” -- Kirby and Spence.

7. “The naturalist August Saint-Hilaire.” “The Insect World.” -- Louis Figuier.

8. The apple full of wasps. “Animal Intelligence.” -- Geo. J. Romanes.

9. Butcher clipping wings. “Nat. Hist. of Wasps.” “British Social Wasps.” -- Edward Latham Ormerod, M.D.

10. Wasps catching flies on cows. “The Zoologist.” London, Oct. 15, 1896. “Wasps and their Uses.”

11. English estate infested by wasps. “Nat. Hist. of Wasps.” -- Ormerod.

12. The Iliad, Bk. xii. Bryant's trans.

13. Virgil. Georgic iv.

14. Ovid. Fasti, Lib. iii.

15. “Moreover, the Lord thy God.” -- Deuteronomy vii. 20

16. “And I will send hornets.” -- Exodus xxiii.

17. “And I sent the hornet.” -- Joshua xxiv. 12.

18. “Eight miles from Grandie.” “Curious History of Insects.” -- Frank Cowan. From second volume of Lieutenant Holman's “Travels.”

19. Engineers on banks of Jumna. “Once a Week,” July 9, 1870. “Natural History of Wasps.”

20. Shahjehanpoor. “From Cadet to Colonel.” -- Sir Thomas Seaton, K. C. B., 1877.

21. Dr. King of Penang. “Natural History of Wasps.” -- Ormerod.

22. Wasps generated from crocodile. “Theatre of Insects.” - Moffett.

23. Migration to bottom of cell. “Natural History of Wasps.” - Ormerod.

24. “A picket of Lord Clyde's army.” “From Cadet to Colonel.” -- Sir Thomas Seaton.

25. Muller -- 5 days as egg, 9 days as larva, 13 days as pupa. Owen -- 8 days as egg, 12-14 days as larva, 10 days as pupa.

26. South American Nests. “Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides.” “Monographic des Guepes Sociales.” -- Henri de Saussure.

27. Mud nest of India. “Natural History of Wasps.” -- Ormerod.

28. Mocking-birds. “Natural History of Wasps” -- Ormerod.

29. The fly-catcher. “The Naturalist in Nicaragua.” -- Thomas Belt.

30. South American Nests. -- Saussure.

31. “The Creoles of Mauritius,” Backhouse's “Mauritius.” -- From Cowan.

32. Wasps in Natal. “Animal Intelligence.” -- George J. Romanes.

33. Edward Topsell. “History of Four-footed Beasts and Serpents” (bound in large vol. with Moffett)

34. Story of frog-hoppers. “The Naturalist in Nicaragua.” -- Thomas Belt.

35. Cures for stings. “Theatre of Insects.” -- Moffett.

36. Allen's wife. “Theatre of Insects.” -- Moffett.

37. Emperor Vespasian. “The History of Our Lord as Exemplified in works of Art.” -- Mrs. Jameson.

38. Wasps' nests burned for asthma and colds; a practice still recommended and employed by the negroes of the Southern United States

39. “An infinite number of wasps.” “Curious History of Insects.” -- Frank Cowan.

40. “If hornets build low.” Ibid.

41. Gamekeeper's observations. “Natural History of Wasps.” -- Ormerod.

42. Storms at sea: flying at evening. -- Topsell.

43. Superstitions. - Frank Cowan.

44. Sir John Lubbock. “Ants, Bees, and Wasps.”

45. “A specimen of Polistes carnifex.” “The Naturalist on the River Amazons.” -- Henry Walter Bates.

46. Three-story nest of Java wasp. -- Saussure.

47. White plaster nests. “On the Instincts and Habits of the Solitary Wasps.” “The muddaubers.” -- Geo. W. and Elizabeth G. Peckham.

48. Chinese superstitions. “Curious History of Insects.” -- Frank Cowan.

49. Trypoxylon in the straw-stack. “Instincts and Habits of the Solitary Wasps.” “The Woodborers.” -- G. W. and E. G. Peckham.

50. Crabro stirpicola. Ibid. “The Toilers of the Night.”

51. “We had not supposed.” Ibid. “The Great Golden Digger.”

52. Wasp puzzled by removal of leaf. Ibid. “Two Spider Hunters.”

53. “The Naturalist on the River Amazons.” “At Santarem.” -- Henry Walter Bates.

54. “Of two wasps.” Instincts and Habits of the Solitary Wasps.” -- G. W. and E. G. Peckham. “Ammophila and her Caterpillars.”

55. “When the excavation.” Ibid. Quoted from “Habits of Ammophila.” -- S. W. Williston, Lawrence, Kas.

56. Mr. Pergande's story. “Life History of American Insects.” -- Clarence Moores Weed.

57. “Standing high on her long legs.” “Instincts and Habits of the Solitary Wasps.” “Ammophila and Her Caterpillars.” -- G. W. and E. G. Peckham.

58. Cricket taken from wasp. -- Ibid. Experiment made by M. Fabre.

59. “Creeping noiselessly.” “Animal Intelligence.” -- G. J. Romanes.

60. Caterpillar in rolled leaf. -- Mr. R. S. Newall, F. R. S. “Nature.” Vol. xxi., p. 494.

61. Wasp trailing spider. -- Mr. Henry Cecil. “Nature.” Vol. xviii., p. 311.

62. Wasp hanging up its spider. “Instincts and Habits of the Solitary Wasps.” “The Spider Ravishers.” -- G. W. and E. G. Peckham. The pictures of suspended spiders are also taken from this chapter.

63. “Presently she went to look.” -- Ibid.

64. “And sprawling thus.” Wasps had been noticed before by the same observers acting in this peculiar manner, after finishing a nest or capturing prey, and it raised the question as to whether this might be their method of expressing pleasurable emotions.

65. The round tower. “Insect Architecture.” -- J. Rennie. “The Library of Entertaining Knowledge,” Boston, 1830. Reported of Réaumur.

66. Hornet hanging by one leg and eating fly. “Life History of American Insects.” -- Clarence Moores Weed.